Introduction
Need for electric and hybrid vehicles-Comparative study of electric and hybrid vehicles-Limitations of electric vehicles- Petroleum resources- Global warming-Fuel cell vehicles-Optimum solutions for motor, drives and batteries
e-Mobility
Represents the concept of using electric power train technologies, in-vehicle information, and communication technologies and connected infrastructures to enable the electric propulsion of vehicles and fleets.
Need for electric and hybrid vehicle
- Electric vehicles are saving the climate and our lives.
- Electric vehicles have a smaller carbon footprint than gasoline-powered cars.
- Aims to ensure that the people who are most impacted by pollution have the option to use truly clean and zero-emissions vehicles.
- Preserve the Resources for Future Generation
What is meant by electric vehicle?
What is meant by hybrid vehicle?
Classification of electric vehicle.
- Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
- Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)
- Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV)
|
Types of EVs |
BEV |
HEV |
FCEV |
|
Propulsion |
•Electric motor drives |
•Electric motor drives •ICE |
•Electric motor drives |
|
Energy system |
•Battery •ultracapacitor |
•Battery •Ultracapacitor •ICE generating unit |
•Fuel cells |
|
Energy source and infrastructure |
•Electric grid charging facilities |
•Gasoline stations •Electric grid charging facilities (optional for plug-in hybrid) |
•Hydrogen •Methanol or gasoline •ethanol |
|
Characteristics |
•Zero emission •Independence on fossil oil •Commercially available |
•Low emission •Higher fuel economy •Commercially available |
•Zero emission Independence on fossil oil •High energy efficiency •Under development (future trend) |
|
Major issues |
•Limitations of battery •Short range (100-200km) •Charging facilities |
•Dependence on Fossil fuel •complex |
•High fuel cell cost •Lack of infrastructure |
Limitations of electric vehicle
- Many electric models can drive only 60 to 100 miles.
- However, some models offer somewhere between 200 and 300 miles after a full charge.
- An electric vehicle takes much longer to recharge, and the time investment and necessary planning does put some people off.
- Many electric cars can be full in around four hours, but some can take nearly a day to fully recharge.
- The good news is that there are some kits that can cut the charging time down.
- More affordable brands can be around $30,000 to $40,000.
- If you’re looking for a luxury option, you may be paying $80,000 or even more
Petroleum resource
